#: locale=en ## Action ### URL LinkBehaviour_FD834805_EEE8_9CC4_41DA_23CCEA22D03E.source = http://instagram.com/tuskegeeuniversity?ref=badge LinkBehaviour_DC8D9736_A094_EFED_41C0_922B4C6356D7.source = http://instagram.com/tuskegeeuniversity?ref=badge LinkBehaviour_FD2236BC_EEE8_75CB_41CB_5060D559B353.source = http://twitter.com/TuskegeeUniv LinkBehaviour_DC8C2736_A094_EFED_41DA_A45966B130F3.source = http://twitter.com/TuskegeeUniv LinkBehaviour_DCB9F6F9_A094_EE67_41E1_256D7A117334.source = https://benu.force.com/ERx_Forms__PageMaker?pageId=BenedictineRegistration&brand=new LinkBehaviour_BFF9BD87_B000_F9A0_41C5_3A6BC257EF17.source = https://benu.force.com/ERx_Forms__PageMaker?pageId=BenedictineRegistration&brand=new WebFrame_EC5C815B_FE6C_3728_41EC_F10AA9DCD579.url = https://tuskegee.university-tour.com/map.php WebFrame_EC5C815B_FE6C_3728_41EC_F10AA9DCD579_mobile.url = https://tuskegee.university-tour.com/map.php LinkBehaviour_BFF9AD87_B000_F9A0_41DC_4538B35A87E8.source = https://www.ben.edu/mesa/visit/index.cfm LinkBehaviour_DCB8C701_A094_EFA7_41E3_EEFF5B275A7B.source = https://www.ben.edu/mesa/visit/index.cfm LinkBehaviour_DC8DD734_A094_EFED_41DC_E20A6E9C1B36.source = https://www.facebook.com/pg/TUSKEGEEUNIVERSITY LinkBehaviour_FDE83A49_EEEB_9D4C_41E6_CDBB9EAA6A3A.source = https://www.facebook.com/pg/TUSKEGEEUNIVERSITY WebFrame_C4083599_CAE5_A739_41E7_DC3860075290.url = https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3367.566026347881!2d-85.70951638482674!3d32.430780881077915!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x888c50e62a9526bf%3A0xfc14ecf5f5850aa9!2sTuskegee%20University!5e0!3m2!1sen!2srs!4v1636355700211!5m2!1sen!2srs WebFrame_C4083599_CAE5_A739_41E7_DC3860075290_mobile.url = https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d3367.566026347881!2d-85.70951638482674!3d32.430780881077915!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x888c50e62a9526bf%3A0xfc14ecf5f5850aa9!2sTuskegee%20University!5e0!3m2!1sen!2srs!4v1636355700211!5m2!1sen!2srs LinkBehaviour_DC8E0738_A094_EFE5_41E5_7867699F155D.source = https://www.linkedin.com/edu/school?id=17738&trk=tyah&trkInfo=tarId%3A1412781756534%2Ctas%3Atuskegee%20%2Cidx%3A2-1-4 LinkBehaviour_FC0F8EF2_EEE8_755F_41DD_544C78E83D8E.source = https://www.linkedin.com/edu/school?id=17738&trk=tyah&trkInfo=tarId%3A1412781756534%2Ctas%3Atuskegee%20%2Cidx%3A2-1-4 LinkBehaviour_6DE5F7C0_7F1E_7B0F_41DD_918D9961A527.source = https://www.tuskegee.edu/ LinkBehaviour_DCB8C700_A094_EFA5_41C7_075C5C54EBB3.source = https://www.tuskegee.edu/ LinkBehaviour_DCB85702_A094_EFA5_41AC_A8A6C806B7CE.source = https://www.tuskegee.edu/ LinkBehaviour_BFF9DD87_B000_F9A0_4199_D23FE50A06B5.source = https://www.tuskegee.edu/ LinkBehaviour_DC8C6737_A094_EFEB_41E5_4D5A02E09888.source = https://www.youtube.com/user/tuskegeeuniversity LinkBehaviour_FAE94EB8_EEE8_95CB_41DA_0C55F250A1F1.source = https://www.youtube.com/user/tuskegeeuniversity ## Hotspot ### Tooltip HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_FD1EB2C4_E865_3602_41E9_2F0F434C36E4.toolTip = Alabama Hall HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_6E4E5E95_F1F8_75C5_41D0_F6823AB7C6C1.toolTip = Booker T. Washington Monument HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_595509A9_4D22_C6C9_4187_29D2BACF0E47.toolTip = Carnegie Library HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_60EB2EC3_F138_F5BD_41EA_661E20F95A09.toolTip = Children's House HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_7D5404A2_F129_B5FF_41E0_9BCACBCCAC46.toolTip = Dorothy Hall HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_5DE8EB95_F128_93C5_41E9_B5D5C27C5ACB.toolTip = Douglas Hall HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_7A04B99C_F119_9FCB_41DF_32498DB2223B.toolTip = Emery Buildings HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_FE41643B_E865_7206_41D1_A85AC8367660.toolTip = Huntington Hall HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_53070F7C_F1E8_B34B_41B1_30FB6B1A87C2.toolTip = Milbank Agricultural Building HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_FDDC10A2_E865_5206_41C6_07BF0F19A34C.toolTip = Porter Hall HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_FC1595E2_E865_D206_41C0_B021C8EAB2AB.toolTip = Slater-Armstrong Memorial Trades Building HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_51D14638_F1EB_94CB_41E3_50DBBECC62FD.toolTip = Tantum Hall HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_50CDE86E_F1E9_BD47_41B3_E1EE789B94F2.toolTip = Tompkins Hall HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_FEEA9760_E865_5E02_41CF_CE092FB6D0CF.toolTip = University Chapel HotspotPanoramaOverlayArea_424DD209_F1E9_ACCD_41CC_DEDDB5CB98ED.toolTip = White Hall ## Media ### Description album_F0D93871_EF78_7D5D_41A4_82BC3FA307A0_0.description = A description of Tuskegee’s nursing training program which predates the John A. Andrews Memorial Building. album_F0D93871_EF78_7D5D_41A4_82BC3FA307A0_2.description = A front page article of the Tuskegee Student in 1914 features the “Tuskegee Negro Conference” which focused on health and wellness. album_F0CF1049_EF78_AD4C_41E0_5AFC2F90B77A_2.description = A letter by Charles Wesley Archbold explaining his visits to the Administration Building while visiting Tuskegee Institute. album_F0F59491_EF79_B5DD_41D6_B01135DFE8B7_3.description = A letter detailing Arabella Huntington donating money to Tuskegee Institute to construct the Huntington Memorial Building. album_F0F59491_EF79_B5DD_41D6_B01135DFE8B7_2.description = A letter detailing Archer Huntington donating money to Tuskegee Institute to construct the Huntington Memorial Building. album_F09AE5FF_EF7B_9745_41E3_918B34F4AD78_2.description = A letter from Booker T. Washington asking Elizabeth Anderson to attend the dedication of the Milbank building. album_F09AE5FF_EF7B_9745_41E3_918B34F4AD78_0.description = A letter from Booker T. Washington to Elizabeth Anderson about updates on the construction of the new agricultural building. album_CF6F51BE_EF67_AFC7_41A1_96BED2F28ACF_3.description = A letter from acclaimed scholar activist W.E.B. Du Bois who solicited Robert R. Taylor’s help in the publication of his manuscript on the history of “Negro troops.” album_F0F59491_EF79_B5DD_41D6_B01135DFE8B7_1.description = A letter written by Archer Huntington promising Washington to send the remainder of the donation to finish the completion of the Academic Building. album_F0F59491_EF79_B5DD_41D6_B01135DFE8B7_0.description = A letter written by Booker T. Washington reminding Archer Huntington to donate the rest of the funds promised to complete the construction of the Academic building. album_F0F59491_EF79_B5DD_41D6_B01135DFE8B7_4.description = A letter written by Booker T. Washington updating Archer Huntington on the progress of constructing the academic building. album_F0CF1049_EF78_AD4C_41E0_5AFC2F90B77A_4.description = A letter written by Robert Taylor to Booker T. Washington about the architectural drawings of the Administration Building. album_F0CF1049_EF78_AD4C_41E0_5AFC2F90B77A_5.description = A letter written by Robert Taylor to Booker T. Washington of an inventory of the construction of new buildings, including the Administration Building. album_F0CF1049_EF78_AD4C_41E0_5AFC2F90B77A_3.description = A letter written to Robert Taylor from John Washington explaining his disagreements with the construction of the Office Building. album_F0350916_EF78_FCC7_41E7_D1B8240E8C7F_0.description = A photograph of Tuskegee’s original chapel. album_F0350916_EF78_FCC7_41E7_D1B8240E8C7F_2.description = A photograph of students seated in Tuskegee’s original chapel. album_F0CF1049_EF78_AD4C_41E0_5AFC2F90B77A_1.description = A picture of the office building under construction. album_F0350916_EF78_FCC7_41E7_D1B8240E8C7F_1.description = An address by Booker T. Washington for the Men and Religion Forward Movement in Carnegie Hall in New York. Washington expresses his religious sentiment which reflects his larger ideology of a Protestant work ethic and his strategy of forging relationships with philanthropists. album_F0350916_EF78_FCC7_41E7_D1B8240E8C7F_3.description = An excerpt from the Tuskegee catalog which features the Phelps Hall Bible Training School and its purpose of supplying “an educated ministry” for the South. album_CF29E512_EF68_94DF_41DF_8D9D052D47E0_1.description = An inside view of the Tompkins dining area. album_F0CF1049_EF78_AD4C_41E0_5AFC2F90B77A_0.description = An outside picture of the Old Administration Building (Office Building). album_CF2B2887_EF78_BDC5_41E2_6BD33802604C_1.description = By the early 1900s, Cassedy Hall was used as a dormitory as the mechanical trades was transferred to Armstrong-Slater Hall. album_CF6F51BE_EF67_AFC7_41A1_96BED2F28ACF_2.description = Correspondence from Tuskegee’s second principal, Robert R. Moton which confirmed that Robert R. Taylor was selected to become the school’s Vice Principal. album_CF6F51BE_EF67_AFC7_41A1_96BED2F28ACF_0.description = Correspondence from the Tuskegee Board of Trustees that recognized Robert R. Taylor’s thirty-five plus years of service. album_CF2B2887_EF78_BDC5_41E2_6BD33802604C_2.description = Description of the transition from Cassedy Hall to Slater-Armstrong for trades. album_F0CF1049_EF78_AD4C_41E0_5AFC2F90B77A_9.description = Descriptions of the Administration Building in the Tuskegee Student. album_F0CF1049_EF78_AD4C_41E0_5AFC2F90B77A_8.description = Descriptions of the Administration Building in the Tuskegee Student. album_F0CF1049_EF78_AD4C_41E0_5AFC2F90B77A_7.description = Descriptions of the Administration Building in the Tuskegee Student. album_F0D93871_EF78_7D5D_41A4_82BC3FA307A0_1.description = Excerpt from 1911-1912 Tuskegee Institute catalog which mentioned the construction of the John A. Andrew Memorial Hospital. The entry notes that the structure will be used as a hospital and nurse training facility. album_CF2B2887_EF78_BDC5_41E2_6BD33802604C_0.description = Images and brief description of Slater-Armstrong Memorial Trades’ Building album_F08F66BD_EF78_B5C5_41AE_AB5945A7CDC8_0.description = Ms. Elizabeth Julia Emery of London, England, donated funds to create the dormitory. album_F09AE5FF_EF7B_9745_41E3_918B34F4AD78_3.description = Outside picture of Milbank Agricultural Building photo_5B5F133A_57AA_71E2_41D0_192E3E78A4FC.description = Outside picture of Milbank Agricultural building. photo_5B5F133A_57AA_71E2_41D0_192E3E78A4FC.description = Outside picture of Milbank Agricultural building. album_CF556F73_EF78_735D_41D9_57866911FF40_2.description = Outside pictures of the ROTC Armory. album_CF556F73_EF78_735D_41D9_57866911FF40_1.description = Outside pictures of the band cottage. album_CFBA42C3_EF68_6DBD_41EB_3C8F46109244_0.description = Photo of White Hall Dormitory album_CFBA42C3_EF68_6DBD_41EB_3C8F46109244_1.description = Photo of the outside of White Hall album_F09AE5FF_EF7B_9745_41E3_918B34F4AD78_4.description = Picture of Milbank under construction album_F08F66BD_EF78_B5C5_41AE_AB5945A7CDC8_1.description = Picture of the outside Emery 1,2, and 3 album_F08F66BD_EF78_B5C5_41AE_AB5945A7CDC8_2.description = Requesting a receipt for a $3000 gift given to the school to create Emery Dormitories in remembrance of Julia Emery. album_CF556F73_EF78_735D_41D9_57866911FF40_0.description = Students shaping tin in the Foundry/Blacksmith Shop. album_F08F66BD_EF78_B5C5_41AE_AB5945A7CDC8_3.description = Talks about constructing Emery building no. 2. album_F09AE5FF_EF7B_9745_41E3_918B34F4AD78_6.description = The Tuskegee Messenger covers experiments on cholera conducted in the agricultural building of blood serum from pigs. album_F09AE5FF_EF7B_9745_41E3_918B34F4AD78_5.description = The Tuskegee Messenger covers experiments on cholera conducted in the agricultural building of blood serum from pigs. album_F0CF1049_EF78_AD4C_41E0_5AFC2F90B77A_6.description = The Tuskegee Student covers a Mother’s Meeting in the Kindergarten Room in the Office Building. album_F0F59491_EF79_B5DD_41D6_B01135DFE8B7_6.description = The Tuskegee Student covers a event hosted by the Texas and Louisiana Club in the Assembly Room in the Academic Building for creating literacy programs in Tuskegee. album_F0F59491_EF79_B5DD_41D6_B01135DFE8B7_5.description = The Tuskegee Student covers an event hosted by the Women’s Club in the Assembly Room in the Academic Building. album_CF29E512_EF68_94DF_41DF_8D9D052D47E0_0.description = The Tuskegee Student newspaper covers a play held in Tompkins entitled “Tompson of the Varsity.” The play depicts college life which likely featured the school’s signature educational program along with extracurricular activities such as the play itself. album_CF29E512_EF68_94DF_41DF_8D9D052D47E0_3.description = The Tuskegee Student newspaper features the wide range of extracurricular activities at the school. This edition discusses a debate on the Panama Canal between the Phyllis Wheatly and Natural History societies and a football competition between Tuskegee and Fisk. album_CF6F51BE_EF67_AFC7_41A1_96BED2F28ACF_1.description = The correspondence shows accalaimed Tuskegee botanist George Washington Carver’s response to Robert R. Taylor’s inquiry about a plant. The two noted scholars shared a warm and respectful relationship with each other. album_CF2B2887_EF78_BDC5_41E2_6BD33802604C_3.description = The expansion of the mechanical department, auto industries, carpentry and architecture. album_CF29E512_EF68_94DF_41DF_8D9D052D47E0_2.description = The “Students at Tuskegee” article depicts daily life for Tuskegee students including the “military discipline” in which they dine in Tompkins. ### Subtitle panorama_72BC79EE_F118_9F47_41E6_177F0A56B6F6.subtitle = After securing 100 acres of land in the western part of Tuskegee, Alabama, preparations were underway to secure the school’s first official building. Mr. A.H. Porter, of Brooklyn New York, gave $500 towards the building of the first structure. The building was named Porter Hall in recognition of his gift to the school. The structure had three stories and a basement. Porter Hall was completed by the spring semester of 1883. It remained the only official building on campus until 1884. Porter Hall was erected using modest wood material with the assistance of hired workmen and students. \ \ As the first official building on campus, the structure included nearly all functions of the school. Its basement included a kitchen, dining-room, laundry, and a commissary. According to Tuskegee and Its People, “The first story was devoted to academic and industrial classrooms; in the second was an assembly-room, where devotions and public exercises for the whole school were held, while the third was given to dormitories.” The three-story building operated as the first female dorm on campus. This meant that every aspect of the girls’ lives was monitored as they received instruction in domestic studies and were under the constant oversight of the teachers. \ \ Life on campus for young female students in the beginning years was taxing and filled with new experiences. According to Margaret Murray Washington, female students, who usually were from the city or country, were sometimes overwhelmed by the complexity of dormitory life, where they were surrounded by new emotions and new working environments. In addition to the overwhelming nature of the modest campus, the dorms were simple. Most rooms were furnished with donated items and furniture made on the campus, including a bed, a chair, and table. These small comforts gave it the appearance of home. For most, the dorm provided the first lessons in order and housekeeping \ \ Porter Hall remained in use after the construction of other building on campus. Margaret Murray Washington held examinations for grade placement in Porter Hall as late as 1889. Students were handed two slips of paper and required to answer questions on geometry and history. panorama_E0CDF0EB_EADD_DDBA_41E5_01A92FAAEBE0.subtitle = After tearing down Porter Hall, the Administration Building (also called the Office Building), took over the campus’ administrative duties. Henry Huttleston Rogers, an industrialist from Standard Oil, donated $15,000 to construct the building. It was completed in 1902. \ \ The Administration Building represented a new era of architecture. Robert R. Taylor designed the Office Building plans as a three-story fireproof building with twenty-eight rooms. Students built the Administration Building between the main road and the main campus with bricks created at Tuskegee’s brickyard. Administrative offices were on the upper floors, including Booker T. Washington’s office, which Taylor designed to face the campus. The southside of the Office Building faced the public road, and the north side faced the campus. Residents from Tuskegee entered the Office Building from the south side to purchase bricks and dairy products produced by students. \ \ The Administration Building became the center of Tuskegee Institute’s business operations and management of campus affairs. It housed the campus’s Executive Council offices, including that of Booker T. Washington, Emmett Scott, Warren Logan, and Margaret Murray Washington. Booker T. Washington and other Executive Council members held meetings with white philanthropists, managed the campus financial and academic operations, and kept annual reports within the building. The Administration Building acquired a Tuskegee Institute Bank with a fireproof vault and a federal post office, all located on the first floor. \ \ Today, the Administrative Building still stands. In 1959 the Post office moved out of the Office Building. In 1976, many of the administrative services moved to the Kresge Center. panorama_3A881294_2AF6_32E0_41C1_9AFAD7806553.subtitle = Alabama Hall bears the distinction of Tuskegee’s first building that was constructed by bricks made by students on campus. Thus it served as a model of Booker T. Washington’s credo of self-sufficiency. Finished in 1884, just twelve years before Plessy v. Ferguson was decided, it also reflected the political conditions that made self-sufficiency necessary. \ \ As the campus’s second major building, the four-story structure was tasked with accommodating a wide range of school activities. It served as a dormitory for young women, the school library, kitchen, and dining hall. The building was razed in 1910 after new dining facilities were established at Tompkins Hall. panorama_E0CF7850_EADF_4CE6_41D1_4037ACE4CD13.subtitle = Dorothy Hall was built in 1901, largely with student labor. The building’s construction was made possible through a $15,000 donation by Olivia and Caroline Phelps Stokes. Dorothy Hall was named in honor of their great, great, great, grandmother, Dorothy Lamb Woodbridge. \ \ Dorothy Hall emerged in the space between the Chapel and the Slater-Armstrong Memorial Agricultural Building. Dorothy Hall served as the Institute’s guest house and as the Girls’ Industrial Building. Its massive structure was 120 x 144 feet. The building included clothes closets, toilet arrangements, pantries, etc, and had wide halls and ample stairways. It was built of brick (535,000), a hard pine painted interior, wood trimming, and a roof covered with tin. Dorothy Hall used electricity for lighting and was built in the shape of the letter H. The south wing of the building and the central part were two stories high. The north wing was three stories high. The basement contained four rooms used for laundry and washing. \ \ As the center for Girls’ Industries, Dorothy Hall became the primary location for female faculty and students. All experimental female education took place in the facilities. Along with serving as a girls’ dormitory, the campus hospitality services were also housed in Dorothy Hall. Special guests to the campus, board of trustee members, and leaders of the race frequently occupied its walls. In terms of Girls Industries, a number of trades and courses were held in Dorothy Hall. These courses included post graduate classes, laundry services (until the laundry building was built), domestic training for girls, tailoring, millinery, cooking, and soap making to name a few. \ \ In 1994, Dorothy Hall was expanded and transformed into the Tuskegee University Kellogg Hotel and Conference Center. It was renovated in 2011 with a gift from Dr. Matthew Jenkins. During most of the period between 1892 and 1901, the campus plan continued to reflect the three-part pattern established early in its history with Campus Avenue as its central feature. panorama_E0CCC3D7_EADC_C3EA_41D4_DB9265D193D1.subtitle = Douglass Hall, a girls' dormitory, bears the distinction of being named after former slave and abolitionist Frederick Douglass. Douglass visited Tuskegee Institute in 1892 to give a speech at the 11th annual commencement. After Douglass' death, William Jackson Palmer, a Civil War general and industrialist who lived in Colorado Springs, Colorado, donated $25,000 to build the dormitory in honor of a notable black leader. Booker T. Washington paid homage to Douglass by naming the girl’s dormitory after him following its completion in 1904. The two-story brick building accommodated 150 students, with 40 rooms for visitors, and had piazzas on three sides of the building. The campus held a dedication ceremony to celebrate its opening. Major Charles H. Douglass, Frederick Douglass’ son, delivered the commemoration speech by quoting a Paul Laurence Dunbar poem. \ \ Like many dormitories on campus, Douglass Hall functioned as a venue for various social events and workshops. Some of these events were held in its auditorium located in the basement that seated over 750 people. For example, Jane E. Clark, Tuskegee Institute’s Dean of Women, held classes on health and etiquette for lady students in the auditorium. Other events held in Douglass Hall included Sunday concerts and meeting places for the annual Farmer’ Conference, including the International Conference of the Negro in 1912. \ \ Today, Douglass Hall still stands. Although the dormitory burned in a fire in 1934, architects remodeled the building with the remaining infrastructures. Douglass underwent another renovation in 1964. panorama_74CD83BD_F118_93C5_41DD_C526B70BF46A.subtitle = In 1898, Tuskegee’s original chapel became the second campus building designed by Robert R. Taylor. Funds donated by sisters Olivia Egleston Phelps Stokes and Caroline Phelps Stokes greatly aided in the chapel’s construction. Student labor and design work on the building was also indispensable. \ \ Although discussions of Christian doctrine and practice occurred in the chapel, Tuskegee is a non-denominational institution. An additional hub of religious life on campus was the Bible Training School located at Phelps Hall. Yet even there, religious messages aligned to the school’s more practical ideas centering on thrift, industriousness, and the promise of educational uplift. \ \ As evidence of this practicality, the chapel served multiple purposes. Along with religious services, it was used for concerts, graduations, and the annual Negro Conferences. Many esteemed guests also visited the chapel to deliver addresses to the student body. These talks were dynamic, didactic, and reinforced Tuskegee’s values as seen in former student Ralph Ellison’s famous scene in Invisible Man. Perhaps the most enduring legacy of chapel activities was Washington’s famous Sunday sermons. Here, the principal kept stock of the students who were granted uncommon access to such a giant figure in American history. \ \ The chapel was destroyed by a fire in 1957. It was replaced by Tuskegee’s current chapel in 1969 which was developed by an African-American firm of former Tuskegee faculty members John Welch and Louis Fry, as well as Paul Rudolph of New York. panorama_E0CD413C_EADD_5C9E_41EA_8EC4F6BE1DF4.subtitle = Not to be confused by the more popular New York concert venue with the same name, Tuskegee’s Carnegie Hall was completed in 1901 by Robert R. Taylor and William Pittman. However, the building was initially known as Carnegie Library to denote its principal function and benefactor. Industrialist Andrew Carnegie was one of Tuskegee’s main donors in the school’s formative period. The philanthropist chose Tuskegee as the site of the first library he would help build for African-Americans. A 1909 Washington Bee article featured Carnegie’s declaration that Tuskegee’s facility was a “library of the best type.” Booker T. Washington would later convince Carnegie to build twenty-two libraries at other Black schools. \ \ The school’s library was previously located in Porter Hall and Alabama Hall. The two-story Carnegie structure, highlighted by its four Ionic columns at the front entrance, was large enough to hold a reading room, stacks area, assembly hall, and museum. It was also frequented by George Washington Carver who led biblical studies classes on the premises and W.E.B. Du Bois who taught summer school at Tuskegee. Eventually, Carnegie would be replaced by the Hollis Burk Frissell Library which was completed in 1932. panorama_E0CD7101_EADD_5C66_41E3_7A248893F17D.subtitle = Robert R. Taylor was the architect for numerous building at Tuskegee including White Hall. It was constructed in 1909 and served as a dormitory for girls. Proceeds for the construction were donated by the White family in the memory of their father Alexander M. White. Alexander’s son, Alfred T. White was in housing reform and was a benefactor of Tuskegee and Hampton. White Hall served as the women’s dormitory. The building has the distinctive clock tower which was built in 1913. \ \ Life on campus for young female students in White Hall was very similar to other living quarters for girls across campus. Living on campus was a new experience for most young girls. According to Margaret Murray Washington, female students, who usually were from the city or country, were sometimes overwhelmed by the complexity of dormitory life, where they were surrounded by new emotions and new working environments. In addition to the overwhelming nature of the modest campus, the dorms were simple. Most rooms were furnished with donated items and furniture made on the campus, including a bed, a chair, and table. These small comforts gave it the appearance of home. For most, the dorm provided the first lessons in order and housekeeping. White Hall is also located in the heart of campus and served as a meeting area for many campus activities. panorama_E0CCC64F_EADC_C4FA_41EB_6241A605D08A.subtitle = Robert R. Taylor was the architect for numerous buildings on Tuskegee’s campus including the Emeries. The Emery Dormitories were a set of two-story brick buildings constructed in 1900 for men. The buildings were a gift of Miss Julia E. Emery of London, England. Construction began on the first dormitory, Emery I, in 1903, with the last, Emery IV, completed in 1909. \ \ The Emeries were intended to model frugality. The first building had dormers and a central cross gable, which were eliminated on subsequent buildings. Because of the Emeries’ simplicity, Taylor emphasized details that would not add to the cost of each building. To this end, the buildings have textured bricks, sensitive proportions, and details that include classical Ionic entablatures created in brick, detailed cornices, and a plain frieze and architrave with three fasciae. \ \ Dorm life was enhanced with the building of the Emeries. Centrally located at the front of the campus, the Emeries served as a meeting ground for debates, after classroom discussions, and in some cases, visitors met in its common areas. Dorms on campus were separated by gender. panorama_E0CCF53A_EADC_C49A_41E6_80C40E31B8BD.subtitle = Robert R. Taylor was the architect for numerous buildings on Tuskegee’s campus including the Emeries. The Emery Dormitories were a set of two-story brick buildings constructed in 1900 for men. The buildings were a gift of Miss Julia E. Emery of London, England. Construction began on the first dormitory, Emery I, in 1903, with the last, Emery IV, completed in 1909. \ \ The Emeries were intended to model frugality. The first building had dormers and a central cross gable, which were eliminated on subsequent buildings. Because of the Emeries’ simplicity, Taylor emphasized details that would not add to the cost of each building. To this end, the buildings have textured bricks, sensitive proportions, and details that include classical Ionic entablatures created in brick, detailed cornices, and a plain frieze and architrave with three fasciae. \ \ Dorm life was enhanced with the building of the Emeries. Centrally located at the front of the campus, the Emeries served as a meeting ground for debates, after classroom discussions, and in some cases, visitors met in its common areas. Dorms on campus were separated by gender. panorama_E0CC97A3_EADC_C3AA_41D7_0A34B355307C.subtitle = Robert R. Taylor was the architect for numerous buildings on Tuskegee’s campus including the Emeries. The Emery Dormitories were a set of two-story brick buildings constructed in 1900 for men. The buildings were a gift of Miss Julia E. Emery of London, England. Construction began on the first dormitory, Emery I, in 1903, with the last, Emery IV, completed in 1909. \ \ The Emeries were intended to model frugality. The first building had dormers and a central cross gable, which were eliminated on subsequent buildings. Because of the Emeries’ simplicity, Taylor emphasized details that would not add to the cost of each building. To this end, the buildings have textured bricks, sensitive proportions, and details that include classical Ionic entablatures created in brick, detailed cornices, and a plain frieze and architrave with three fasciae. \ \ Dorm life was enhanced with the building of the Emeries. Centrally located at the front of the campus, the Emeries served as a meeting ground for debates, after classroom discussions, and in some cases, visitors met in its common areas. Dorms on campus were separated by gender. panorama_E0CCA3F4_EADD_43AE_41A9_191409C5E4E5.subtitle = Robert R. Taylor was the architect for numerous buildings on Tuskegee’s campus including the Emeries. The Emery Dormitories were a set of two-story brick buildings constructed in 1900 for men. The buildings were a gift of Miss Julia E. Emery of London, England. Construction began on the first dormitory, Emery I, in 1903, with the last, Emery IV, completed in 1909. \ \ The Emeries were intended to model frugality. The first building had dormers and a central cross gable, which were eliminated on subsequent buildings. Because of the Emeries’ simplicity, Taylor emphasized details that would not add to the cost of each building. To this end, the buildings have textured bricks, sensitive proportions, and details that include classical Ionic entablatures created in brick, detailed cornices, and a plain frieze and architrave with three fasciae. \ \ Dorm life was enhanced with the building of the Emeries. Centrally located at the front of the campus, the Emeries served as a meeting ground for debates, after classroom discussions, and in some cases, visitors met in its common areas. Dorms on campus were separated by gender. panorama_E0CDA273_EADD_BCAA_41DB_501FF457385E.subtitle = Rockefeller Hall was completed in 1903 as a dormitory to accommodate roughly 150 young men. The building structure was also designed by Tuskegee’s chief architect Robert R. Taylor. \ \ Rockefeller Hall is also emblematic of the school’s budding relationship with a growing circle of wealthy philanthropists. The dormitory is named after business magnate John D. Rockefeller whose son, John D. Rockefeller Jr. promised $34,000 toward its construction. Rockefeller would continue to serve as a major donor, largely due to his relative adoration of Washington’s leadership and “great simplicity.” \ \ The three-story structure was fitted with modern bathrooms, electrical lighting, and heat by steam. Its most famous resident was George Washington Carver who called Rockefeller Hall home for more than three decades. panorama_E080E5E5_EADB_47AE_41C1_A1560CD5E88E.subtitle = Since the 1890s, Tuskegee Institute’s Agricultural Campus held annual Farmer’s Conferences on campus to teach Black farmers the latest agriculture techniques. The Farmer’s Conferences laid the groundwork to help establish the Cooperative Extension Program, which improved the lives of farmers in the rural American South. To expand the agricultural department, Tuskegee purchasing more land located west of the campus to create a new agricultural facility. The Milbank Agricultural Building was completed in 1909 with a gift of $20,000 donated by Elizabeth Milbank Anderson. The building was named in honor of Jeremiah Milbank, the owner of Borden Milk Company and Elizabeth’s father. \ \ William Sidney Pittman, Booker T. Washington’s son-in-law, designed Milbank into a three and a half story brick building. With Robert Taylor supervising its construction, Milbank housed new classrooms, laboratories, and an assembly room. \ \ Milbank housed George Washington Carver’s personal laboratory and played a critical role in expanding agricultural research. Students developed techniques in producing dairy products in its creamery laboratory. Also, students provided care for domesticated animals and raised poultry such as chickens, geese, and ducks. They also studied cholera using blood serum from hogs to understand the transmission of viruses and attempted to look for vaccines. Since 1917, a new dairy and horse barn were constructed near Milbank, adding to an expanding Agricultural Campus. \ \ Today, Milbank Hall is currently empty, but the building still stands. Initial renovations were completed in 1985. It is undergoing another renovation while agricultural students attend classes in James H. Henderson Hall. panorama_E0CA269D_EADB_459E_41D5_2F57EB29736E.subtitle = Since the 1890s, Tuskegee Institute’s Agricultural Campus held annual Farmer’s Conferences on campus to teach Black farmers the latest agriculture techniques. The Farmer’s Conferences laid the groundwork to help establish the Cooperative Extension Program, which improved the lives of farmers in the rural American South. To expand the agricultural department, Tuskegee purchasing more land located west of the campus to create a new agricultural facility. The Milbank Agricultural Building was completed in 1909 with a gift of $20,000 donated by Elizabeth Milbank Anderson. The building was named in honor of Jeremiah Milbank, the owner of Borden Milk Company and Elizabeth’s father. \ \ William Sidney Pittman, Booker T. Washington’s son-in-law, designed Milbank into a three and a half story brick building. With Robert Taylor supervising its construction, Milbank housed new classrooms, laboratories, and an assembly room. \ \ Milbank housed George Washington Carver’s personal laboratory and played a critical role in expanding agricultural research. Students developed techniques in producing dairy products in its creamery laboratory. Also, students provided care for domesticated animals and raised poultry such as chickens, geese, and ducks. They also studied cholera using blood serum from hogs to understand the transmission of viruses and attempted to look for vaccines. Since 1917, a new dairy and horse barn were constructed near Milbank, adding to an expanding Agricultural Campus. \ \ Today, Milbank Hall is currently empty, but the building still stands. Initial renovations were completed in 1985. It is undergoing another renovation while agricultural students attend classes in James H. Henderson Hall. panorama_E0CF5949_EADF_4CE6_41D1_41EDEE0BEEE3.subtitle = Tantum Hall finished construction in 1907, shortly after Tuskegee Institute celebrated the 25th anniversary of its founding. The girls’ dormitory project suffered from constant delays in construction due to a lack of funding. The building is named after James B. Tatum, a physician and real estate operator, who requested his daughter Margaret to give Tuskegee Institute a building from his estate. Margaret’s donation of the gift of $25,000 over two years helped to revive the project. A Tuskegee student named Albert G. Brown designed Tantum Hall, creating a three-story brick building with a three-story portico and a pedestrian sidewalk connecting to Douglass Hall. Robert Taylor supervised the construction of the building. \ \ Tantum Hall not only functioned as a dormitory, but it also accommodated women students’ training in teaching and nursing. Tantum Hall housed the campus nursing school until 1945, when it was replaced by the Lillian Harvey Building. panorama_E0CF6C91_EADF_4466_41EC_4C0CD259A392.subtitle = The Booker T. Washington Monument in Tuskegee University is a memorial to the campus's first principal. Following Washington's death in 1915, Robert Russa Moton, Tuskegee Institute’s second principal, and the Tuskegee Board of Trustees met annually to commemorate Booker T. Washington’s accomplishments in expanding Tuskegee Institute through a series of events called Founder’s Day. With the help of various Black leaders, Moton and the Board of Trustees raised $25,000 to build a statue in honor of Washington. Robert Taylor recommended Charles Keck, a renowned White sculptor, to design the monument. Keck built the statue out of bronze and placed it next to the Tuskegee Chapel near the four main campus roads' intersection. Keck completed the statue in 1922 and its was unveiled during a Founder’s Day event on April 22, 1922. \ \ The statue is commonly known as the “Lifting the Veil of Ignorance” Monument. It displays Washington lifting a veil from the head of a formerly enslaved man carrying books while sitting on a plow and an anvil. As a concept, “lifting the veil” represented Booker T. Washington’s philosophy on the importance of black self-sufficiency. Each side of the monument contains Washington’s writings that stressed the importance of agriculture, black determination, and how to progress in a society filled with racial inequality. panorama_E0CCB740_EADC_C4E6_41E1_5306A1C50796.subtitle = The Children’s House was built in 1901 through a $2,000 donation by Mrs. Quincy A. Shaw of Boston and a $100 donation made by graduates of the Institute. The building took the place of the training school that had been in existence since Tuskegee’s founding. The building was a one-story framed building and was located on Old Montgomery Road. The Children’s House served as the official school for primary instruction and kindergarten in the town of Tuskegee. It included a bedroom, dining-room, bathroom, and a kitchen. \ \ In addition to classes for children in the community, the Children’s House was the model training school of the institution. It also served as the practice-school for Tuskegee students who aspired to become teachers. Lessons were also provided in cooking and housekeeping to Tuskegee residents who could not attend night-school. panorama_E0CF3462_EADC_C4AA_41EA_6C40213E4751.subtitle = The Huntington Academic Memorial Hall was completed in 1905 as the first four story building on Tuskegee Institute up to that date. The building bore the name of railroad tycoon and industrialist Collis P. Huntington. \ \ Before Huntington Academic Hall, students attended academic classes in Porter Hall. After the demolition of Porter Hall, all academic classes were held in Huntington. Arabella Huntington, Collis’ widow, donated $50,000 to Tuskegee Institute’s building projects to memorialize her husband with two buildings, a girls' dormitory, and the educational building. In Cleveland, Ohio, Robert R. Taylor designed the preliminary drawings for the academic building in 1902, but at the cost of $58,892. Archer Huntington, Collis’ son, rewarded Tuskegee with a gift of $8,892 to complete the construction the four-story brick Huntington building. \ \ Also known as the ‘High School,’ Huntington Hall contained new classrooms, a bookstore, a laboratory, and offices for teachers. Students attended classes in English, Arithmetic, Literature, History, Music, and Geography. Huntington’s construction was consistent with the cultural and social norms of the era of preventing young men and women's constant intermingling. For example, girls entered Huntington from the west side near the all-girls dormitory. Boys entered the east side of Huntington, near the all-boys dormitories. Girls remain separate from boys during physical education by attending the girl’s gymnasium in the basement. \ \ Over time, Huntington housed the school’s newspaper office, Campus Digest, and the headquarters of the campus ROTC program. Huntington also housed the school’s chapter of the Red Cross and provided health emergency assistance and blood donations for Tuskegee residents. \ \ Huntington Academic Memorial Building no longer exists. Although it underwent renovations twice, in 1965 and 1991, the building burned down in 1991 due to an electrical fire. A gravel parking lot was built on the site. panorama_72BC18D2_F118_BD5F_41C2_7914043AD3AC.subtitle = The Huntington Academic Memorial Hall was completed in 1905 as the first four story building on Tuskegee Institute up to that date. The building bore the name of railroad tycoon and industrialist Collis P. Huntington. \   \ Before Huntington Academic Hall, students attended academic classes in Porter Hall. After the demolition of Porter Hall, all academic classes were held in Huntington. Arabella Huntington, Collis’ widow, donated $50,000 to Tuskegee Institute’s building projects to memorialize her husband with two buildings, a girls' dormitory, and the educational building. In Cleveland, Ohio, Robert R. Taylor designed the preliminary drawings for the academic building in 1902, but at the cost of $58,892. Archer Huntington, Collis’ son, rewarded Tuskegee with a gift of $8,892 to complete the construction the four-story brick Huntington building. \ \ Also known as the ‘High School,’ Huntington Hall contained new classrooms, a bookstore, a laboratory, and offices for teachers.  Students attended classes in English, Arithmetic, Literature, History, Music, and Geography. Huntington’s construction was consistent with the cultural and social norms of the era of preventing young men and women's constant intermingling. For example, girls entered Huntington from the west side near the all-girls dormitory. Boys entered the east side of Huntington, near the all-boys dormitories. Girls remain separate from boys during physical education by attending the girl’s gymnasium in the basement. \ \ Over time, Huntington housed the school’s newspaper office, Campus Digest, and the headquarters of the campus ROTC program. Huntington also housed the school’s chapter of the Red Cross and provided health emergency assistance and blood donations for Tuskegee residents.  \ \ Huntington Academic Memorial Building no longer exists. Although it underwent renovations twice, in 1965 and 1991, the building burned down in 1991 due to an electrical fire. A gravel parking lot was built on the site. panorama_240CC231_2AF2_5220_41B3_D1E5C01A8AAF.subtitle = The Slater-Armstrong Memorial Trades Building was constructed through the generosity of Mr. George F. Peabody of New York. Other financial contributors to the building included J. W. and Belinda L. Randall Charities Fund of Boston. \ \ There existed a great need for a building to house the mechanical industries at Tuskegee. Prior to its erection, mechanical industries were conducted in temporary structures and the three-story brick building on the east entrance of campus called Cassedy Hall. Cassedy Hall was thereafter converted into a dormitory for males on campus. \ \ The Slater-Armstrong Memorial Trades Building was completed and dedicated in 1897. It was a two-and-a-half story brick structure, rectangular in shape, and included a central court. At the time of construction, the building covered more space than any other structure on campus. The building was 283 feet by 315 feet. The front of the building was two stories and the rear 1.5 stories. It was constructed of brick, with a tin roof, and included steam heat and electric light. \ \ Slater-Armstrong was well equipped with tools for trades across campus. There was also a Machine Division in the building. It included “one 18-inch lathe, one 14-inch lathe, one 20-inch planer, one 12-inch shaping machine, one 20-inch drill press, one 6 1/2 -inch pipe-cutting and threading machine, one Brown and Sharpe tool grinder, one sensitive drill-press. The schools Electric-Lighting Plant was also located in the building. The Plant furnished light to the building, the institute, and to Black residents in the town of Tuskegee. panorama_E0CD6004_EADD_BC6E_41E0_F93B5B22D188.subtitle = When it was constructed in 1910, Tompkins held the distinction of the largest building on Tuskegee’s campus. The massive structure contained a cafeteria that could easily accommodate 2,000 students. Its completion also made the previous dining facility in Alabama Hall unnecessary. \ \ Tompkins was designed by White Atlanta architect James W. Golucke who was also responsible for the Macon County courthouse in downtown Tuskegee. However, Robert R. Taylor was the architectural supervisor for the project and his noteworthy contributions were acknowledged by Tuskegee’s board during Tompkins’s dedication. \ \ Along with its dining facility, Tompkins included an auditorium that could comfortably seat 2,500 attendants. Here, extra-curricular programs gave students a respite from the school’s rigorous schedule. Students were treated to musical performances, lively assemblies, and talks by noted guests, much like the chapel. \ \ Overall, Tuskegee students enjoyed a vibrant campus life. This included musical productions such as the Institute’s band and choir. Much like the noted Fisk Jubilee Singers, the Tuskegee Quartet also crisscrossed the country to raise much needed funds for the school. In its early years, Tuskegee also laid claim to high achieving sports teams, debate teams, and state clubs, along with a host of other student organizations. panorama_E0CFE033_EADD_7CAA_41E4_DC8E543CC6BD.subtitle = When it was constructed in 1910, Tompkins held the distinction of the largest building on Tuskegee’s campus. The massive structure contained a cafeteria that could easily accommodate 2,000 students. Its completion also made the previous dining facility in Alabama Hall unnecessary. \ \ Tompkins was designed by White Atlanta architect James W. Golucke who was also responsible for the Macon County courthouse in downtown Tuskegee. However, Robert R. Taylor was the architectural supervisor for the project and his noteworthy contributions were acknowledged by Tuskegee’s board during Tompkins’s dedication. \ \ Along with its dining facility, Tompkins included an auditorium that could comfortably seat 2,500 attendants. Here, extra-curricular programs gave students a respite from the school’s rigorous schedule. Students were treated to musical performances, lively assemblies, and talks by noted guests, much like the chapel. \ \ Overall, Tuskegee students enjoyed a vibrant campus life. This included musical productions such as the Institute’s band and choir. Much like the noted Fisk Jubilee Singers, the Tuskegee Quartet also crisscrossed the country to raise much needed funds for the school. In its early years, Tuskegee also laid claim to high achieving sports teams, debate teams, and state clubs, along with a host of other student organizations. panorama_E0CC942F_EADD_44BA_41DA_E3FAE1B124D3.subtitle = Work began on the building now known as Thrasher Hall in 1893. The facility was initially called the Science Hall as it housed laboratories, classrooms, and a dormitory for young men and instructors. In the early 1900s, the building was renamed in honor of Max Bennett Thrasher. Hailing from New Hampshire, Thrasher was a frequent literary collaborator with Washington and helped the university with public relations. Thrasher’s own book, Tuskegee, Its Story and Its Work, celebrated the school’s early success. \ \ Thrasher Hall also bears the distinction as the first campus building designed by the university’s chief architect, Robert R. Taylor. Taylor is the first Black graduate of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and is largely regarded as the first ever professionally trained African-American architect. Washington recognized Taylor’s architectural prowess and professionalism and successfully recruited Taylor to join Tuskegee’s staff in 1892. Taylor would serve as an instructor, the Institute’s chief architect, and eventually its Director of the Department of Mechanical Industries. Before retiring from Tuskegee in 1935, Taylor laid claim to designing or supervising the construction of forty-one campus buildings. \ \ Taylor’s influence, however, looms far beyond Tuskegee. He is widely regarded as the father of African-American architecture. He helped develop Tuskegee as an intellectual and professional hub that produced many of the nation’s Black architects. In particular, many graduates went on to duplicate the Tuskegee model by constructing both buildings and architectural programs at other HBCUs. ### Title album_CFBA42C3_EF68_6DBD_41EB_3C8F46109244_0.label = 42 White Hall Girls Dormitory Tuskegee Institute Al copy album_F0350916_EF78_FCC7_41E7_D1B8240E8C7F_0.label = 57 Chapel Tuskegee Normal _ Industrial Institute copy album_F0CF1049_EF78_AD4C_41E0_5AFC2F90B77A_1.label = Administration Building panorama_3A881294_2AF6_32E0_41C1_9AFAD7806553.label = Alabama Hall panorama_2A4CEB3E_258D_ED14_41B3_C8B71A65DB49.label = Alabama Hall album_F0350916_EF78_FCC7_41E7_D1B8240E8C7F_1.label = BTW Religion Movement Address April 12 1912 p1 album_CF556F73_EF78_735D_41D9_57866911FF40_0.label = Blacksmithing175 panorama_E0CF6C91_EADF_4466_41EC_4C0CD259A392.label = Booker T. 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Alabama Hall bears the distinction of Tuskegee’s first building that was constructed by bricks made by students on campus. Thus it served as a model of Booker T. Washington’s credo of self-sufficiency. Finished in 1884, just twelve years before Plessy v. Ferguson was decided, it also reflected the political conditions that made self-sufficiency necessary.
As the campus’s second major building, the four-story structure was tasked with accommodating a wide range of school activities. It served as a dormitory for young women, the school library, kitchen, and dining hall. The building was razed in 1910 after new dining facilities were established at Tompkins Hall.
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Alabama Hall bears the distinction of Tuskegee’s first building that was constructed by bricks made by students on campus. Thus it served as a model of Booker T. Washington’s credo of self-sufficiency. Finished in 1884, just twelve years before Plessy v. Ferguson was decided, it also reflected the political conditions that made self-sufficiency necessary.
As the campus’s second major building, the four-story structure was tasked with accommodating a wide range of school activities. It served as a dormitory for young women, the school library, kitchen, and dining hall. The building was razed in 1910 after new dining facilities were established at Tompkins Hall.
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After securing 100 acres of land in the western part of Tuskegee, Alabama, preparations were underway to secure the school’s first official building. Mr. A.H. Porter, of Brooklyn New York, gave $500 towards the building of the first structure. The building was named Porter Hall in recognition of his gift to the school. The structure had three stories and a basement. Porter Hall was completed by the spring semester of 1883. It remained the only official building on campus until 1884. Porter Hall was erected using modest wood material with the assistance of hired workmen and students.
As the first official building on campus, the structure included nearly all functions of the school. Its basement included a kitchen, dining-room, laundry, and a commissary. According to Tuskegee and Its People, “The first story was devoted to academic and industrial classrooms; in the second was an assembly-room, where devotions and public exercises for the whole school were held, while the third was given to dormitories.” The three-story building operated as the first female dorm on campus. This meant that every aspect of the girls’ lives was monitored as they received instruction in domestic studies and were under the constant oversight of the teachers.
Life on campus for young female students in the beginning years was taxing and filled with new experiences. According to Margaret Murray Washington, female students, who usually were from the city or country, were sometimes overwhelmed by the complexity of dormitory life, where they were surrounded by new emotions and new working environments. In addition to the overwhelming nature of the modest campus, the dorms were simple. Most rooms were furnished with donated items and furniture made on the campus, including a bed, a chair, and table. These small comforts gave it the appearance of home. For most, the dorm provided the first lessons in order and housekeeping
Porter Hall remained in use after the construction of other building on campus. Margaret Murray Washington held examinations for grade placement in Porter Hall as late as 1889. Students were handed two slips of paper and required to answer questions on geometry and history.
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David Augustus Williston of Washington, D.C. was the Oaks’ chief architect. His D.C. firm was the first Black-owned professional landscaping architectural practice in the country. Williston’s work included campus planning for several Black colleges and universities, including Clark University in Atlanta, Alcorn State University in Mississippi, Lane College in Tennessee, and Philander Smith College in Arkansas. He also collaborated with Black architect Albert Cassell on an expansion of Howard University. Williston completed residential landscape designs for several important Black leaders, starting with The Oaks, the home of Booker T. and Margaret M. Washington.
Construction of the Oaks finished in 1900 and the interior renovations and landscaping were added to the home in 1930. Despite the renovations, Booker T. Washington’s den with its furnishing were left the same. His den was completed with hand-made bricks from the Institute’s brickyard. It was the home of the Washington family until the death of Mrs. Washington in 1925, when the property was purchased by the Board of Trustees.
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Douglass Hall, a girls' dormitory, bears the distinction of being named after former slave and abolitionist Frederick Douglass. Douglass visited Tuskegee Institute in 1892 to give a speech at the 11th annual commencement. After Douglass' death, William Jackson Palmer, a Civil War general and industrialist who lived in Colorado Springs, Colorado, donated $25,000 to build the dormitory in honor of a notable black leader. Booker T. Washington paid homage to Douglass by naming the girl’s dormitory after him following its completion in 1904. The two-story brick building accommodated 150 students, with 40 rooms for visitors, and had piazzas on three sides of the building. The campus held a dedication ceremony to celebrate its opening. Major Charles H. Douglass, Frederick Douglass’ son, delivered the commemoration speech by quoting a Paul Laurence Dunbar poem.
Like many dormitories on campus, Douglass Hall functioned as a venue for various social events and workshops. Some of these events were held in its auditorium located in the basement that seated over 750 people. For example, Jane E. Clark, Tuskegee Institute’s Dean of Women, held classes on health and etiquette for lady students in the auditorium. Other events held in Douglass Hall included Sunday concerts and meeting places for the annual Farmer’ Conference, including the International Conference of the Negro in 1912.
Today, Douglass Hall still stands. Although the dormitory burned in a fire in 1934, architects remodeled the building with the remaining infrastructures. Douglass underwent another renovation in 1964.
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In 1898, Tuskegee’s original chapel became the second campus building designed by Robert R. Taylor. Funds donated by sisters Olivia Egleston Phelps Stokes and Caroline Phelps Stokes greatly aided in the chapel’s construction. Student labor and design work on the building was also indispensable.
Although discussions of Christian doctrine and practice occurred in the chapel, Tuskegee is a non-denominational institution. An additional hub of religious life on campus was the Bible Training School located at Phelps Hall. Yet even there, religious messages aligned to the school’s more practical ideas centering on thrift, industriousness, and the promise of educational uplift.
As evidence of this practicality, the chapel served multiple purposes. Along with religious services, it was used for concerts, graduations, and the annual Negro Conferences. Many esteemed guests also visited the chapel to deliver addresses to the student body. These talks were dynamic, didactic, and reinforced Tuskegee’s values as seen in former student Ralph Ellison’s famous scene in Invisible Man. Perhaps the most enduring legacy of chapel activities was Washington’s famous Sunday sermons. Here, the principal kept stock of the students who were granted uncommon access to such a giant figure in American history.
The chapel was destroyed by a fire in 1957. It was replaced by Tuskegee’s current chapel in 1969 which was developed by an African-American firm of former Tuskegee faculty members John Welch and Louis Fry, as well as Paul Rudolph of New York.
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Not to be confused by the more popular New York concert venue with the same name, Tuskegee’s Carnegie Hall was completed in 1901 by Robert R. Taylor and William Pittman. However, the building was initially known as Carnegie Library to denote its principal function and benefactor. Industrialist Andrew Carnegie was one of Tuskegee’s main donors in the school’s formative period. The philanthropist chose Tuskegee as the site of the first library he would help build for African-Americans. A 1909 Washington Bee article featured Carnegie’s declaration that Tuskegee’s facility was a “library of the best type.” Booker T. Washington would later convince Carnegie to build twenty-two libraries at other Black schools.
The school’s library was previously located in Porter Hall and Alabama Hall. The two-story Carnegie structure, highlighted by its four Ionic columns at the front entrance, was large enough to hold a reading room, stacks area, assembly hall, and museum. It was also frequented by George Washington Carver who led biblical studies classes on the premises and W.E.B. Du Bois who taught summer school at Tuskegee. Eventually, Carnegie would be replaced by the Hollis Burk Frissell Library which was completed in 1932.
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Rockefeller Hall was completed in 1903 as a dormitory to accommodate roughly 150 young men. The building structure was also designed by Tuskegee’s chief architect Robert R. Taylor.
Rockefeller Hall is also emblematic of the school’s budding relationship with a growing circle of wealthy philanthropists. The dormitory is named after business magnate John D. Rockefeller whose son, John D. Rockefeller Jr. promised $34,000 toward its construction. Rockefeller would continue to serve as a major donor, largely due to his relative adoration of Washington’s leadership and “great simplicity.”
The three-story structure was fitted with modern bathrooms, electrical lighting, and heat by steam. Its most famous resident was George Washington Carver who called Rockefeller Hall home for more than three decades.
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Tantum Hall finished construction in 1907, shortly after Tuskegee Institute celebrated the 25th anniversary of its founding. The girls’ dormitory project suffered from constant delays in construction due to a lack of funding. The building is named after James B. Tatum, a physician and real estate operator, who requested his daughter Margaret to give Tuskegee Institute a building from his estate. Margaret’s donation of the gift of $25,000 over two years helped to revive the project. A Tuskegee student named Albert G. Brown designed Tantum Hall, creating a three-story brick building with a three-story portico and a pedestrian sidewalk connecting to Douglass Hall. Robert Taylor supervised the construction of the building.
Tantum Hall not only functioned as a dormitory, but it also accommodated women students’ training in teaching and nursing. Tantum Hall housed the campus nursing school until 1945, when it was replaced by the Lillian Harvey Building.
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The Booker T. Washington Monument in Tuskegee University is a memorial to the campus's first principal. Following Washington's death in 1915, Robert Russa Moton, Tuskegee Institute’s second principal, and the Tuskegee Board of Trustees met annually to commemorate Booker T. Washington’s accomplishments in expanding Tuskegee Institute through a series of events called Founder’s Day. With the help of various Black leaders, Moton and the Board of Trustees raised $25,000 to build a statue in honor of Washington. Robert Taylor recommended Charles Keck, a renowned White sculptor, to design the monument. Keck built the statue out of bronze and placed it next to the Tuskegee Chapel near the four main campus roads' intersection. Keck completed the statue in 1922 and its was unveiled during a Founder’s Day event on April 22, 1922.
The statue is commonly known as the “Lifting the Veil of Ignorance” Monument. It displays Washington lifting a veil from the head of a formerly enslaved man carrying books while sitting on a plow and an anvil. As a concept, “lifting the veil” represented Booker T. Washington’s philosophy on the importance of black self-sufficiency. Each side of the monument contains Washington’s writings that stressed the importance of agriculture, black determination, and how to progress in a society filled with racial inequality.
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The Children’s House was built in 1901 through a $2,000 donation by Mrs. Quincy A. Shaw of Boston and a $100 donation made by graduates of the Institute. The building took the place of the training school that had been in existence since Tuskegee’s founding. The building was a one-story framed building and was located on Old Montgomery Road. The Children’s House served as the official school for primary instruction and kindergarten in the town of Tuskegee. It included a bedroom, dining-room, bathroom, and a kitchen.
In addition to classes for children in the community, the Children’s House was the model training school of the institution. It also served as the practice-school for Tuskegee students who aspired to become teachers. Lessons were also provided in cooking and housekeeping to Tuskegee residents who could not attend night-school.
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The building that currently holds Tuskegee University’s ROTC program is the oldest building on campus still standing today. Initially, the building was formally the Foundry and Blacksmith Shop. The building began construction in 1883 and was finally completed in 1889. Students were taught how to shape tin and repair various materials used to construct the early campus buildings, including gates, seats, and agricultural materials. The Foundry and Blacksmith Shop later became the Band Cottage for the University Band.
Military-type training had existed at Tuskegee Institute since its founding and took place on campus grounds. Tuskegee Institute created a Military Department under the leadership of a Commandant, a member of the campus’s Executive Council. The Military Department was first led by John H. Washington in 1885. He was succeeded by Major Julius Ramsey in 1893. Cadets performed marching and exercise drills throughout the campus and were given the task of providing campus security, inspecting dormitory rooms, and protecting the campus from fires erupting in buildings.
Soldiers were taught vocational education in 1918 under the Military Detachment program, later called the Student Army Training Corps, under the command of Captain Edgar Bonsall. In the same year, Dr. Robert Russa Moton campaigned the U.S. Department of War to establish a junior ROTC program at Tuskegee Institute. As a result, the War Department and Tuskegee Institute created the junior ROTC program in 1918. The ROTC program was held in Huntington Academic Hall, under First Lieutenant Charles M. Thompson, then Captain Russell Smith, and later Lieutenant Colonel Benjamin Davis Sr, who served as Professor of Military Service and Tactics.
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The building that currently holds Tuskegee University’s ROTC program is the oldest building on campus still standing today. Initially, the building was formally the Foundry and Blacksmith Shop. The building began construction in 1883 and was finally completed in 1889. Students were taught how to shape tin and repair various materials used to construct the early campus buildings, including gates, seats, and agricultural materials. The Foundry and Blacksmith Shop later became the Band Cottage for the University Band.
Military-type training had existed at Tuskegee Institute since its founding and took place on campus grounds. Tuskegee Institute created a Military Department under the leadership of a Commandant, a member of the campus’s Executive Council. The Military Department was first led by John H. Washington in 1885. He was succeeded by Major Julius Ramsey in 1893. Cadets performed marching and exercise drills throughout the campus and were given the task of providing campus security, inspecting dormitory rooms, and protecting the campus from fires erupting in buildings.
Soldiers were taught vocational education in 1918 under the Military Detachment program, later called the Student Army Training Corps, under the command of Captain Edgar Bonsall. In the same year, Dr. Robert Russa Moton campaigned the U.S. Department of War to establish a junior ROTC program at Tuskegee Institute. As a result, the War Department and Tuskegee Institute created the junior ROTC program in 1918. The ROTC program was held in Huntington Academic Hall, under First Lieutenant Charles M. Thompson, then Captain Russell Smith, and later Lieutenant Colonel Benjamin Davis Sr, who served as Professor of Military Service and Tactics.
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After tearing down Porter Hall, the Administration Building (also called the Office Building), took over the campus’ administrative duties. Henry Huttleston Rogers, an industrialist from Standard Oil, donated $15,000 to construct the building. It was completed in 1902.
The Administration Building represented a new era of architecture. Robert R. Taylor designed the Office Building plans as a three-story fireproof building with twenty-eight rooms. Students built the Administration Building between the main road and the main campus with bricks created at Tuskegee’s brickyard. Administrative offices were on the upper floors, including Booker T. Washington’s office, which Taylor designed to face the campus. The southside of the Office Building faced the public road, and the north side faced the campus. Residents from Tuskegee entered the Office Building from the south side to purchase bricks and dairy products produced by students.
The Administration Building became the center of Tuskegee Institute’s business operations and management of campus affairs. It housed the campus’s Executive Council offices, including that of Booker T. Washington, Emmett Scott, Warren Logan, and Margaret Murray Washington. Booker T. Washington and other Executive Council members held meetings with white philanthropists, managed the campus financial and academic operations, and kept annual reports within the building. The Administration Building acquired a Tuskegee Institute Bank with a fireproof vault and a federal post office, all located on the first floor.
Today, the Administrative Building still stands. In 1959 the Post office moved out of the Office Building. In 1976, many of the administrative services moved to the Kresge Center.
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Dorothy Hall was built in 1901, largely with student labor. The building’s construction was made possible through a $15,000 donation by Olivia and Caroline Phelps Stokes. Dorothy Hall was named in honor of their great, great, great, grandmother, Dorothy Lamb Woodbridge.
Dorothy Hall emerged in the space between the Chapel and the Slater-Armstrong Memorial Agricultural Building. Dorothy Hall served as the Institute’s guest house and as the Girls’ Industrial Building. Its massive structure was 120 x 144 feet. The building included clothes closets, toilet arrangements, pantries, etc, and had wide halls and ample stairways. It was built of brick (535,000), a hard pine painted interior, wood trimming, and a roof covered with tin. Dorothy Hall used electricity for lighting and was built in the shape of the letter H. The south wing of the building and the central part were two stories high. The north wing was three stories high. The basement contained four rooms used for laundry and washing.
As the center for Girls’ Industries, Dorothy Hall became the primary location for female faculty and students. All experimental female education took place in the facilities. Along with serving as a girls’ dormitory, the campus hospitality services were also housed in Dorothy Hall. Special guests to the campus, board of trustee members, and leaders of the race frequently occupied its walls. In terms of Girls Industries, a number of trades and courses were held in Dorothy Hall. These courses included post graduate classes, laundry services (until the laundry building was built), domestic training for girls, tailoring, millinery, cooking, and soap making to name a few.
In 1994, Dorothy Hall was expanded and transformed into the Tuskegee University Kellogg Hotel and Conference Center. It was renovated in 2011 with a gift from Dr. Matthew Jenkins. During most of the period between 1892 and 1901, the campus plan continued to reflect the three-part pattern established early in its history with Campus Avenue as its central feature.
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Dorothy Hall was built in 1901, largely with student labor. The building’s construction was made possible through a $15,000 donation by Olivia and Caroline Phelps Stokes. Dorothy Hall was named in honor of their great, great, great, grandmother, Dorothy Lamb Woodbridge.
Dorothy Hall emerged in the space between the Chapel and the Slater-Armstrong Memorial Agricultural Building. Dorothy Hall served as the Institute’s guest house and as the Girls’ Industrial Building. Its massive structure was 120 x 144 feet. The building included clothes closets, toilet arrangements, pantries, etc, and had wide halls and ample stairways. It was built of brick (535,000), a hard pine painted interior, wood trimming, and a roof covered with tin. Dorothy Hall used electricity for lighting and was built in the shape of the letter H. The south wing of the building and the central part were two stories high. The north wing was three stories high. The basement contained four rooms used for laundry and washing.
As the center for Girls’ Industries, Dorothy Hall became the primary location for female faculty and students. All experimental female education took place in the facilities. Along with serving as a girls’ dormitory, the campus hospitality services were also housed in Dorothy Hall. Special guests to the campus, board of trustee members, and leaders of the race frequently occupied its walls. In terms of Girls Industries, a number of trades and courses were held in Dorothy Hall. These courses included post graduate classes, laundry services (until the laundry building was built), domestic training for girls, tailoring, millinery, cooking, and soap making to name a few.
In 1994, Dorothy Hall was expanded and transformed into the Tuskegee University Kellogg Hotel and Conference Center. It was renovated in 2011 with a gift from Dr. Matthew Jenkins. During most of the period between 1892 and 1901, the campus plan continued to reflect the three-part pattern established early in its history with Campus Avenue as its central feature.
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Robert R. Taylor was the architect for numerous building at Tuskegee including White Hall. It was constructed in 1909 and served as a dormitory for girls. Proceeds for the construction were donated by the White family in the memory of their father Alexander M. White. Alexander’s son, Alfred T. White was in housing reform and was a benefactor of Tuskegee and Hampton. White Hall served as the women’s dormitory. The building has the distinctive clock tower which was built in 1913.
Life on campus for young female students in White Hall was very similar to other living quarters for girls across campus. Living on campus was a new experience for most young girls. According to Margaret Murray Washington, female students, who usually were from the city or country, were sometimes overwhelmed by the complexity of dormitory life, where they were surrounded by new emotions and new working environments. In addition to the overwhelming nature of the modest campus, the dorms were simple. Most rooms were furnished with donated items and furniture made on the campus, including a bed, a chair, and table. These small comforts gave it the appearance of home. For most, the dorm provided the first lessons in order and housekeeping. White Hall is also located in the heart of campus and served as a meeting area for many campus activities.
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Robert R. Taylor was the architect for numerous buildings on Tuskegee’s campus including the Emeries. The Emery Dormitories were a set of two-story brick buildings constructed in 1900 for men. The buildings were a gift of Miss Julia E. Emery of London, England. Construction began on the first dormitory, Emery I, in 1903, with the last, Emery IV, completed in 1909.
The Emeries were intended to model frugality. The first building had dormers and a central cross gable, which were eliminated on subsequent buildings. Because of the Emeries’ simplicity, Taylor emphasized details that would not add to the cost of each building. To this end, the buildings have textured bricks, sensitive proportions, and details that include classical Ionic entablatures created in brick, detailed cornices, and a plain frieze and architrave with three fasciae.
Dorm life was enhanced with the building of the Emeries. Centrally located at the front of the campus, the Emeries served as a meeting ground for debates, after classroom discussions, and in some cases, visitors met in its common areas. Dorms on campus were separated by gender.
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Robert R. Taylor was the architect for numerous buildings on Tuskegee’s campus including the Emeries. The Emery Dormitories were a set of two-story brick buildings constructed in 1900 for men. The buildings were a gift of Miss Julia E. Emery of London, England. Construction began on the first dormitory, Emery I, in 1903, with the last, Emery IV, completed in 1909.
The Emeries were intended to model frugality. The first building had dormers and a central cross gable, which were eliminated on subsequent buildings. Because of the Emeries’ simplicity, Taylor emphasized details that would not add to the cost of each building. To this end, the buildings have textured bricks, sensitive proportions, and details that include classical Ionic entablatures created in brick, detailed cornices, and a plain frieze and architrave with three fasciae.
Dorm life was enhanced with the building of the Emeries. Centrally located at the front of the campus, the Emeries served as a meeting ground for debates, after classroom discussions, and in some cases, visitors met in its common areas. Dorms on campus were separated by gender.
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Robert R. Taylor was the architect for numerous buildings on Tuskegee’s campus including the Emeries. The Emery Dormitories were a set of two-story brick buildings constructed in 1900 for men. The buildings were a gift of Miss Julia E. Emery of London, England. Construction began on the first dormitory, Emery I, in 1903, with the last, Emery IV, completed in 1909.
The Emeries were intended to model frugality. The first building had dormers and a central cross gable, which were eliminated on subsequent buildings. Because of the Emeries’ simplicity, Taylor emphasized details that would not add to the cost of each building. To this end, the buildings have textured bricks, sensitive proportions, and details that include classical Ionic entablatures created in brick, detailed cornices, and a plain frieze and architrave with three fasciae.
Dorm life was enhanced with the building of the Emeries. Centrally located at the front of the campus, the Emeries served as a meeting ground for debates, after classroom discussions, and in some cases, visitors met in its common areas. Dorms on campus were separated by gender.
htmlText_81A6A4E8_EF38_B54B_41C2_C9B61190DBEC.html =
Robert R. Taylor was the architect for numerous buildings on Tuskegee’s campus including the Emeries. The Emery Dormitories were a set of two-story brick buildings constructed in 1900 for men. The buildings were a gift of Miss Julia E. Emery of London, England. Construction began on the first dormitory, Emery I, in 1903, with the last, Emery IV, completed in 1909.
The Emeries were intended to model frugality. The first building had dormers and a central cross gable, which were eliminated on subsequent buildings. Because of the Emeries’ simplicity, Taylor emphasized details that would not add to the cost of each building. To this end, the buildings have textured bricks, sensitive proportions, and details that include classical Ionic entablatures created in brick, detailed cornices, and a plain frieze and architrave with three fasciae.
Dorm life was enhanced with the building of the Emeries. Centrally located at the front of the campus, the Emeries served as a meeting ground for debates, after classroom discussions, and in some cases, visitors met in its common areas. Dorms on campus were separated by gender.
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Since the 1890s, Tuskegee Institute’s Agricultural Campus held annual Farmer’s Conferences on campus to teach Black farmers the latest agriculture techniques. The Farmer’s Conferences laid the groundwork to help establish the Cooperative Extension Program, which improved the lives of farmers in the rural American South. To expand the agricultural department, Tuskegee purchasing more land located west of the campus to create a new agricultural facility. The Milbank Agricultural Building was completed in 1909 with a gift of $20,000 donated by Elizabeth Milbank Anderson. The building was named in honor of Jeremiah Milbank, the owner of Borden Milk Company and Elizabeth’s father.
William Sidney Pittman, Booker T. Washington’s son-in-law, designed Milbank into a three and a half story brick building. With Robert Taylor supervising its construction, Milbank housed new classrooms, laboratories, and an assembly room.
Milbank housed George Washington Carver’s personal laboratory and played a critical role in expanding agricultural research. Students developed techniques in producing dairy products in its creamery laboratory. Also, students provided care for domesticated animals and raised poultry such as chickens, geese, and ducks. They also studied cholera using blood serum from hogs to understand the transmission of viruses and attempted to look for vaccines. Since 1917, a new dairy and horse barn were constructed near Milbank, adding to an expanding Agricultural Campus.
Today, Milbank Hall is currently empty, but the building still stands. Initial renovations were completed in 1985. It is undergoing another renovation while agricultural students attend classes in James H. Henderson Hall.
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The Huntington Academic Memorial Hall was completed in 1905 as the first four story building on Tuskegee Institute up to that date. The building bore the name of railroad tycoon and industrialist Collis P. Huntington.
 
Before Huntington Academic Hall, students attended academic classes in Porter Hall. After the demolition of Porter Hall, all academic classes were held in Huntington. Arabella Huntington, Collis’ widow, donated $50,000 to Tuskegee Institute’s building projects to memorialize her husband with two buildings, a girls' dormitory, and the educational building. In Cleveland, Ohio, Robert R. Taylor designed the preliminary drawings for the academic building in 1902, but at the cost of $58,892. Archer Huntington, Collis’ son, rewarded Tuskegee with a gift of $8,892 to complete the construction the four-story brick Huntington building.
Also known as the ‘High School,’ Huntington Hall contained new classrooms, a bookstore, a laboratory, and offices for teachers.  Students attended classes in English, Arithmetic, Literature, History, Music, and Geography. Huntington’s construction was consistent with the cultural and social norms of the era of preventing young men and women's constant intermingling. For example, girls entered Huntington from the west side near the all-girls dormitory. Boys entered the east side of Huntington, near the all-boys dormitories. Girls remain separate from boys during physical education by attending the girl’s gymnasium in the basement.
Over time, Huntington housed the school’s newspaper office, Campus Digest, and the headquarters of the campus ROTC program. Huntington also housed the school’s chapter of the Red Cross and provided health emergency assistance and blood donations for Tuskegee residents. 
Huntington Academic Memorial Building no longer exists. Although it underwent renovations twice, in 1965 and 1991, the building burned down in 1991 due to an electrical fire. A gravel parking lot was built on the site. 
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The Slater-Armstrong Memorial Trades Building was constructed through the generosity of Mr. George F. Peabody of New York. Other financial contributors to the building included J. W. and Belinda L. Randall Charities Fund of Boston.
There existed a great need for a building to house the mechanical industries at Tuskegee. Prior to its erection, mechanical industries were conducted in temporary structures and the three-story brick building on the east entrance of campus called Cassedy Hall. Cassedy Hall was thereafter converted into a dormitory for males on campus.
The Slater-Armstrong Memorial Trades Building was completed and dedicated in 1897. It was a two-and-a-half story brick structure, rectangular in shape, and included a central court. At the time of construction, the building covered more space than any other structure on campus. The building was 283 feet by 315 feet. The front of the building was two stories and the rear 1.5 stories. It was constructed of brick, with a tin roof, and included steam heat and electric light.
Slater-Armstrong was well equipped with tools for trades across campus. There was also a Machine Division in the building. It included “one 18-inch lathe, one 14-inch lathe, one 20-inch planer, one 12-inch shaping machine, one 20-inch drill press, one 6 1/2 -inch pipe-cutting and threading machine, one Brown and Sharpe tool grinder, one sensitive drill-press. The schools Electric-Lighting Plant was also located in the building. The Plant furnished light to the building, the institute, and to Black residents in the town of Tuskegee.
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The Slater-Armstrong Memorial Trades Building was constructed through the generosity of Mr. George F. Peabody of New York. Other financial contributors to the building included J. W. and Belinda L. Randall Charities Fund of Boston.
There existed a great need for a building to house the mechanical industries at Tuskegee. Prior to its erection, mechanical industries were conducted in temporary structures and the three-story brick building on the east entrance of campus called Cassedy Hall. Cassedy Hall was thereafter converted into a dormitory for males on campus.
The Slater-Armstrong Memorial Trades Building was completed and dedicated in 1897. It was a two-and-a-half story brick structure, rectangular in shape, and included a central court. At the time of construction, the building covered more space than any other structure on campus. The building was 283 feet by 315 feet. The front of the building was two stories and the rear 1.5 stories. It was constructed of brick, with a tin roof, and included steam heat and electric light.
Slater-Armstrong was well equipped with tools for trades across campus. There was also a Machine Division in the building. It included “one 18-inch lathe, one 14-inch lathe, one 20-inch planer, one 12-inch shaping machine, one 20-inch drill press, one 6 1/2 -inch pipe-cutting and threading machine, one Brown and Sharpe tool grinder, one sensitive drill-press. The schools Electric-Lighting Plant was also located in the building. The Plant furnished light to the building, the institute, and to Black residents in the town of Tuskegee.
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Tuskegee University played a critical role in providing much needed healthcare not only to its students, but also its surrounding community of Macon County. Booker T. Washington recalled that upon visiting Tuskegee for the first time in 1881, “there was not a negro doctor, dentist, or pharmacist in the State.” (Independent, July 11, 1908; Chandler p. 13). Washington was instrumental in recruiting his old Hampton classmate, Dr. Cornelius N. Dorsette to begin practicing in Alabama. Dorsette became Washington’s personal doctor until his death in 1897. Dorsette also tutored Halle Tanner Dillon who served as the resident physician for the Tuskegee Institute Hospital and Nurse Training School, which was built in 1892. Dillon was first woman of any race to attain a medical license in Alabama.
In 1902, a northern benefactor donated funds to build the thirty-five bed, two-story Pinecrest Hospital. The hospital was led by John A. Kenney, who though born to enslaved parents, graduated first of his class at Hampton Institute. He later attained his medical degree at Leonard Medical School of Shaw University in Raleigh, NC. Along with his duties at Pinecrest, Kenney also served as the personal physician to Booker T. Washington and George Washington Carver.
Pinecrest would eventually be replaced by John A. Andrew Memorial Hospital in 1912. To aid its construction, a sum of $55,000 was procured from northern philanthropist Elizabet A. Mason. John A. Andrew Memorial was named after Mason’s grandfather, a former governor of Massachusetts.
Under Kenney’s direction, the John A. Andrew Memorial Hospital provided much needed health care to the Tuskegee community. Through internships and residencies, it also played a crucial role in training a national cadre of Black doctors. Additional health care initiatives included the John A. Andrew Clinical Society and National Negro Health Week. The John A. Andrew Clinical Society provided a forum on Tuskegee’s campus where Black and White doctors could discuss the latest medical ideas and products. National Negro Health Week (first called Health Improvement Week) was started in 1915 to combat alarmingly high rates of Black disease and mortality. Though Tuskegee did not have a formal medical school, it did have a nursing program which began in 1891. By 1921, Tuskegee graduated nearly 140 nurses.
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Tuskegee University played a critical role in providing much needed healthcare not only to its students, but also its surrounding community of Macon County. Booker T. Washington recalled that upon visiting Tuskegee for the first time in 1881, “there was not a negro doctor, dentist, or pharmacist in the State.” (Independent, July 11, 1908; Chandler p. 13). Washington was instrumental in recruiting his old Hampton classmate, Dr. Cornelius N. Dorsette to begin practicing in Alabama. Dorsette became Washington’s personal doctor until his death in 1897. Dorsette also tutored Halle Tanner Dillon who served as the resident physician for the Tuskegee Institute Hospital and Nurse Training School, which was built in 1892. Dillon was first woman of any race to attain a medical license in Alabama.
In 1902, a northern benefactor donated funds to build the thirty-five bed, two-story Pinecrest Hospital. The hospital was led by John A. Kenney, who though born to enslaved parents, graduated first of his class at Hampton Institute. He later attained his medical degree at Leonard Medical School of Shaw University in Raleigh, NC. Along with his duties at Pinecrest, Kenney also served as the personal physician to Booker T. Washington and George Washington Carver.
Pinecrest would eventually be replaced by John A. Andrew Memorial Hospital in 1912. To aid its construction, a sum of $55,000 was procured from northern philanthropist Elizabet A. Mason. John A. Andrew Memorial was named after Mason’s grandfather, a former governor of Massachusetts.
Under Kenney’s direction, the John A. Andrew Memorial Hospital provided much needed health care to the Tuskegee community. Through internships and residencies, it also played a crucial role in training a national cadre of Black doctors. Additional health care initiatives included the John A. Andrew Clinical Society and National Negro Health Week. The John A. Andrew Clinical Society provided a forum on Tuskegee’s campus where Black and White doctors could discuss the latest medical ideas and products. National Negro Health Week (first called Health Improvement Week) was started in 1915 to combat alarmingly high rates of Black disease and mortality. Though Tuskegee did not have a formal medical school, it did have a nursing program which began in 1891. By 1921, Tuskegee graduated nearly 140 nurses.
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When it was constructed in 1910, Tompkins held the distinction of the largest building on Tuskegee’s campus. The massive structure contained a cafeteria that could easily accommodate 2,000 students. Its completion also made the previous dining facility in Alabama Hall unnecessary.
Tompkins was designed by White Atlanta architect James W. Golucke who was also responsible for the Macon County courthouse in downtown Tuskegee. However, Robert R. Taylor was the architectural supervisor for the project and his noteworthy contributions were acknowledged by Tuskegee’s board during Tompkins’s dedication.
Along with its dining facility, Tompkins included an auditorium that could comfortably seat 2,500 attendants. Here, extra-curricular programs gave students a respite from the school’s rigorous schedule. Students were treated to musical performances, lively assemblies, and talks by noted guests, much like the chapel.
Overall, Tuskegee students enjoyed a vibrant campus life. This included musical productions such as the Institute’s band and choir. Much like the noted Fisk Jubilee Singers, the Tuskegee Quartet also crisscrossed the country to raise much needed funds for the school. In its early years, Tuskegee also laid claim to high achieving sports teams, debate teams, and state clubs, along with a host of other student organizations.
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Work began on the building now known as Thrasher Hall in 1893. The facility was initially called the Science Hall as it housed laboratories, classrooms, and a dormitory for young men and instructors. In the early 1900s, the building was renamed in honor of Max Bennett Thrasher. Hailing from New Hampshire, Thrasher was a frequent literary collaborator with Washington and helped the university with public relations. Thrasher’s own book, Tuskegee, Its Story and Its Work, celebrated the school’s early success.
Thrasher Hall also bears the distinction as the first campus building designed by the university’s chief architect, Robert R. Taylor. Taylor is the first Black graduate of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and is largely regarded as the first ever professionally trained African-American architect. Washington recognized Taylor’s architectural prowess and professionalism and successfully recruited Taylor to join Tuskegee’s staff in 1892. Taylor would serve as an instructor, the Institute’s chief architect, and eventually its Director of the Department of Mechanical Industries. Before retiring from Tuskegee in 1935, Taylor laid claim to designing or supervising the construction of forty-one campus buildings.
Taylor’s influence, however, looms far beyond Tuskegee. He is widely regarded as the father of African-American architecture. He helped develop Tuskegee as an intellectual and professional hub that produced many of the nation’s Black architects. In particular, many graduates went on to duplicate the Tuskegee model by constructing both buildings and architectural programs at other HBCUs
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The Tuskegee University Virtual Camus Interactive Tour (MI TU VCIT) consists of twenty-one buildings and structures, most of which were constructed by 1915, the year when Booker T. Washington, Tuskegee’s founding principal, died. Of the buildings and structures, eighteen are still standing. Those that no longer exist have been digitally remodeled, by Tuskegee students for the website.
The history of Tuskegee is literally housed in its buildings. One of the foundational educational philosophies of Tuskegee is “learning to do by doing.” Thus, many of the structures of Tuskegee’s early campus were built by students and faculty and often with materials produced at the school. Moreover, the buildings house the ideas, programs, and people that account for its spectacular growth.
Therefore, MI TU VCIT is organized around the major themes that animate this early history of Tuskegee. Certain buildings in the website will be used to tell not only their individual history, but also the broader history of agriculture, industrial education, co-education, student life, Black politics, etc. at Tuskegee. Like most colleges, Tuskegee’s buildings had multiple functions that changed over time. Nonetheless, the buildings included in MI TU VCIT were selected based on their major functions from 1881-1915. By clicking on the buildings, users will be able to learn about their history through a variety of writings and primary sources taken from Tuskegee’s heralded archives.
The website can be used by someone who has a casual interest in history or for more formal instruction. For the latter, it can teach valuable critical thinking skills through archival research, primary source analysis, architectural design, and interdisciplinary methodologies. It can be used for both k-12 and collegiate levels of education.
Many of the buildings included in MI TU VCIT were designed by Robert R. Taylor, the university’s chief architect. Taylor was the first Black graduate of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and was the first professionally trained African-American architect. Before retiring from Tuskegee in 1935, he laid claim to designing or supervising the construction of forty-one campus buildings. He is widely regarded as the father of African-American architecture. Taylor helped develop Tuskegee as an intellectual and professional hub that produced many of the nation’s Black architects. In particular, many graduates went on to duplicate the Tuskegee model by constructing both buildings and architectural programs at other Historically Black Colleges and Universities.
In the same fashion that Taylor designed buildings to elevate the educational aptitude of students on campus, the website, through these early buildings, will help visitors recount the efforts of the countless women and men, both famous, and less well known, who made indelible contributions to Tuskegee and the world. Due to their efforts, the phrase, “the pride of the swift growing South,” is more than a mantra, but a reality that continues to this day.
MI TU VCIT Principal Investigators:
Worth Hayes, Ph.D. (History)
Kwesi Daniels, Ph.D. (Architecture)
Sheena Harris, Ph.D. (History)
John Tilghman, Ph.D. (History)
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The Tuskegee University Virtual Camus Interactive Tour (MI TU VCIT) consists of twenty-one buildings and structures, most of which were constructed by 1915, the year when Booker T. Washington, Tuskegee’s founding principal, died. Of the buildings and structures, eighteen are still standing. Those that no longer exist have been digitally remodeled, by Tuskegee students for the website.
The history of Tuskegee is literally housed in its buildings. One of the foundational educational philosophies of Tuskegee is “learning to do by doing.” Thus, many of the structures of Tuskegee’s early campus were built by students and faculty and often with materials produced at the school. Moreover, the buildings house the ideas, programs, and people that account for its spectacular growth.
Therefore, MI TU VCIT is organized around the major themes that animate this early history of Tuskegee. Certain buildings in the website will be used to tell not only their individual history, but also the broader history of agriculture, industrial education, co-education, student life, Black politics, etc. at Tuskegee. Like most colleges, Tuskegee’s buildings had multiple functions that changed over time. Nonetheless, the buildings included in MI TU VCIT were selected based on their major functions from 1881-1915. By clicking on the buildings, users will be able to learn about their history through a variety of writings and primary sources taken from Tuskegee’s heralded archives.
The website can be used by someone who has a casual interest in history or for more formal instruction. For the latter, it can teach valuable critical thinking skills through archival research, primary source analysis, architectural design, and interdisciplinary methodologies. It can be used for both k-12 and collegiate levels of education.
Many of the buildings included in MI TU VCIT were designed by Robert R. Taylor, the university’s chief architect. Taylor was the first Black graduate of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and was the first professionally trained African-American architect. Before retiring from Tuskegee in 1935, he laid claim to designing or supervising the construction of forty-one campus buildings. He is widely regarded as the father of African-American architecture. Taylor helped develop Tuskegee as an intellectual and professional hub that produced many of the nation’s Black architects. In particular, many graduates went on to duplicate the Tuskegee model by constructing both buildings and architectural programs at other Historically Black Colleges and Universities.
In the same fashion that Taylor designed buildings to elevate the educational aptitude of students on campus, the website, through these early buildings, will help visitors recount the efforts of the countless women and men, both famous, and less well known, who made indelible contributions to Tuskegee and the world. Due to their efforts, the phrase, “the pride of the swift growing South,” is more than a mantra, but a reality that continues to this day.
MI TU VCIT Principal Investigators:
Worth Hayes, Ph.D. (History)
Kwesi Daniels, Ph.D. (Architecture)
Sheena Harris, Ph.D. (History)
John Tilghman, Ph.D. (History)
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WELCOME TO TUSKEGEE UNIVERSITY


Thank you for visiting the Making an Institute- Tuskegee University Virtual Campus Interactive Tour (MI TU VCIT). MI TU VCIT is a NEH sponsored interactive historic map of Tuskegee University’s campus. The historic campus consists of Tuskegee’s buildings that were constructed from its founding in 1881 to 1915. By visiting the website, individuals will be transported into the past to experience the campus through the eyes of the faculty, students, and community members who walked its grounds at the turn of the twentieth century. Welcome and enjoy.
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WELCOME TO TUSKEGEE UNIVERSITY


Thank you for visiting the Making an Institute- Tuskegee University Virtual Campus Interactive Tour (MI TU VCIT). MI TU VCIT is a NEH sponsored interactive historic map of Tuskegee University’s campus. The historic campus consists of Tuskegee’s buildings that were constructed from its founding in 1881 to 1915. By visiting the website, individuals will be transported into the past to experience the campus through the eyes of the faculty, students, and community members who walked its grounds at the turn of the twentieth century. Welcome and enjoy.
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Welcome to our virtual tour


Founded in 1946, Black Hawk College has been a leader in high education in northwestern Illinois with campuses in Moline and Galva. Whether you are working on your bachelor’s degree, completing one of our many career programs or are a lifelong learner, BHC has the program for you.
If you would like more information about Black Hawk College, stop in, call or email us!
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Welcome to our virtual tour


Founded in 1946, Black Hawk College has been a leader in high education in northwestern Illinois with campuses in Moline and Galva. Whether you are working on your bachelor’s degree, completing one of our many career programs or are a lifelong learner, BHC has the program for you.
If you would like more information about Black Hawk College, stop in, call or email us!
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